Cheoyongtal is worn when dancing Cheoyongmu (Cheoyong Dance). The origin
of Cheoyongmu is found in Samgukyusa, Volume 2 Cheoyongrang Manghaesa. ¡ºKing Heongang, the 49th king of the Shilla Dynasty, took a rest at Gaeunpo - Ulju to the southwest of Hakseong today - and was going to go home. Suddenly when he was on the seashore, thick cloud and fog took place and he lost the way. Regarding it strange, the king asked to his aides about the happening. One who was in charge of weather said, "This is caused by the East Sea Dragon. You must do something good for it to resolve this situation." Then the king ordered an official to build a temple near the place for the dragon. As soon as the king ordered so, cloud and fog had gone, so people called the place Gaeunpo (Cloud Opening Estuary). Happy with it, the East Sea Dragon emerged with its seven sons before the king, and danced and played music to praise the king's goodness. One of the seven sons followed the king to Seoul and served the king. His name was Cheoyong. The king gave him a beautiful woman as his wife to capture his heart, and granted a government post called Gupgan. Because his wife was so lovely, a god of disease missed her. Disguising himself as a man, he secretly crept into her bed at night and slept with her. As Cheoyong returned home and saw the two lying together, he withdrew from the room, singing and dancing. This is what he sang. "Playing out until midnight under the bright moon in Seoul, and coming home I see four legs on my bed. Mine are two, and whose are the other two? They were mine before, but were taken from me. What should I do?" Then the god of disease showed himself and knelt down before Cheoyong, and said, "I yearned for your wife and had relation with her now, but you were not outraged by it. I am very touched and admire you. From now on, I will never get into any door that have your face on it." Since then, people expelled evil spirits by attaching Cheoyong's image on their doors to have happy events.¡» The myth on Cheoyong belongs to the age of King Heongang, the 49th king of the Shilla Dynasty (reigned between 875¡886). The story shows well how Cheoyong was deified as a god of door and how his image came to have a magic power to expel diseases and evil spirits. The myth is related to Cheoyongmu as follows. When Cheoyong came home after playing out until midnight, he saw that a god of disease took his wife, and write and sang a folk song called Cheoyongga. Then the god of disease begged forgiveness and withdrew, saying, "I will never get into any door just if it has your image on it." Begining in this way, Cheoyongmu was handed down through Narye and festivals in the Koryo and Chosun Dynasty. In Cheoyongmu, performers wore a mask and danced to expel diseases and evil spirits. Cheoyongga recorded in Akhakguebeom, Volume 5 <the combination of Hak¡¤Yeonhwadae¡¤Cheoyongmu> describes Cheoyong's image as wide forehead, strong eyebrows, shrivelled ears, red face, hollowed (projected) nose, prominent jaw, stooped shoulders" etc. Moreover in Akhakguebeom, Volume 9 Gwanbokdoseol (Illustrations of Official Uniforms), Cheoyong Gwanbokdoseol shows Cheoyongtal, his official uniform and how to make Cheoyongtal. ¡ºSamo is made by weaving bamboo. Like to other materials, paper is pasted to the frame and flowers are painted on it. The mask is made by carving a linden tree. Or the cover is made of lacquered help cloth and lead beads and tin rings are hung on the both ears. The peony blossom and the spray of a peach tree on top of Samo are made of fine ramie fabric, and the peach is made by grinding wood. ¡» On the other hand, Samgukyusa introduced Cheoyong as a son of the East Sea Dragon, but many historians supports the view that he would be an Islamic merchant. |